Step down transformer – all that you need to know

What type of transformers do you find in/near your locality? Ever wondered how the high voltage current is converted to a low voltage current apt for use by end-users? The answer to these questions is a Step-down Transformer. Its key functionality is to convert high voltage and low current from the transformer’s primary side to low voltage and high current value on the transformer’s secondary side. In terms of its construction/coil windings, the transformer’s primary winding has more turns than the secondary winding, because more voltage is borne at the primary side. These transformers can also be named distribution transformers.

The key features of these transformers are:

1. More windings on the primary side make it a high-voltage winding & fewer windings on the secondary side make it a low voltage winding.
2. The input voltage of step-down transformers is higher than its output voltage.
3. The current in its secondary winding is higher than the primary winding.
4. Aluminum or Copper is used for making its primary & secondary coil windings.

How does it work?

The working of distribution transformers is pretty simple. The lesser number of turns on the secondary side reduces the induced voltage flowing through the secondary coil, resulting in a reduced voltage. And a decrease in voltage always implies an increase in the current.

Why & where are these transformers used?

The step-down transformers coherently work with the electrical distribution system. It takes the high voltage from power plants and steps down the voltage for its use in every kind of electrical equipment. Reducing the voltage levels becomes critical when the energy is to be distributed from plants to the end-users. Hence, they are prominently used by power plants or industries for distributing the power to the end-users (businesses & households). Common application areas of step-down transformers are:

1. Street transformer for the electricity supply in the domestic area.
2. High-performance transformers for heavy engineering and allied industries.
3. Heavy-duty transformers for power stations like solar power and wind generation plants.
4. Sustainable transformers for the health care sector and lighting industry.

Any precautions to be followed? Definitely yes. A few of them according to the distribution transformer manufacturers in India are:

1. Don’t operate these transformers with a poor/damaged plug or cord.
2. In case of damages, do not try to disassemble the transformer. Let the technician/experts do it.
3. Never install them in the presence of explosives, high moisture, dust, heat, & flammable fumes.
4. Train the workers involved in the installation, operations, and maintenance & repairs, to avoid electric shocks or other hazardous accidents.
5. Properly scrutinize the transformer’s condition for visible defects (both external & accessories) and its components for deformities.

Step-down / Distribution transformers are a crucial component of every electrical setup. Typically, the setups of energy distribution from the power plants to the end-users. Given their key function, they hold an irreplaceable position in the entire setup and offer vast capabilities for the customization of the transformers’ design, material, etc. for its appropriate usage.