Your ultimate guide to knowing the different types of transformers

The transformer is one of the oldest inventions in the field of electrical engineering. The purpose and functioning of transformers are to transfer current/power from one circuit to another without changing its attributes like phase, and frequency. This equipment has evolved as the most crucial component of every electrical setup. The general function of a transformer is to step up (increase) or step down (decrease) the voltage/current in transmission. It primarily consists of three basic components – the core, primary winding, and secondary winding. Other than the basic components, every transformer’s design and purpose defines what type and quality of other components will be used for its construction.

In the present scenario, you can find or customize the transformer according to your needs, specifications, and purpose. However, based on different purposes like generation, distribution, and transmission, you can find a variety of transformers like a step up & step down transformer, power transformer, distribution transformer, single & three-phase transformer, etc.

This blog exhibits details on three types of transformers, i.e., power, distribution, and three-phase transformers.

1. Power Transformers – These transformers are used in the transmission setup of higher voltages. They are mainly installed at the generating stations or transmission substations. They are designed for operating on maximum efficiency of 100% and are bigger than distribution transformers. The working of power transformers is based on the principle of Faraday’s induction.  The ratings of these transformers are 33KV, 66KV, 110KV, 200KV, and 400KV. The life span of power transformers is around 30 years. Power transformers can be further categorized, based on their range – small power transformers (ranges from 500-750 KVA), medium power transformers (ranges from 750 KVA – 100 MVA), and large power transformers (ranges from 100MVA & above). They are mainly rated above 200 MVA.

Applications:

1. The attribute of equal transmission and distribution of current makes them a perfect choice for power plants, industrial plants, and conventional electric utility companies.
2. They are installed to control heavy power supply, which is an everyday condition in industrial setups.
3. The basic function of the power transformer is to carry out the role of the step-up/ step-down device in the transmission process.

2. Distribution Transformers – In general, the distribution transformers are used to transport/distribute the power from generating stations to remote locations. They are used in the distribution network for voltage transmission in the system to step down the voltage level and it is utilized by the end consumer. This transformer is used to distribute voltage in industrial (voltage less than 33KV) as well as domestic (voltage range of 440V – 220V) electrical setups. In its construction, the primary coil is covered with the enamel-coated wire of aluminum or copper. A thick ribbon of copper or aluminum is used to make secondary winding of the transformer which carries a high current of low voltage. A resin-packed paper and oil is used for insulation purposes.

            Key features:

1. It operates at a low-efficiency level, i.e. 50-70%.
2. They are small in size.
3. The installation of a distribution transformer is easy.
4. The magnetic losses are lower.
5. The transformers are not fully loaded always.

3. Three-Phase Transformers – A three-phase transformer is installed to suffice the generation, distribution, and transmission needs of huge power generation plants, industrial, and commercial establishments. It generates power on a large scale and based on the needs of industries, the step-up and step-down transformers are used. The construction of three-phase transformers can be done in two ways. First, connect 3 similar single-phase transformer's primary windings to make them one & secondary phase windings to make them a single connection. This is also known as a bank of three single-phase transformers. The second way in developing an entire three-phase transformer using a single core. It is an economical method of construction as it will have low material requirements. And, a three-phase transformer transfers AC power instead of DC power and is simple to construct.

Benefits:

1. Easy installation and consumes less space.
2. Small size and lesser weight
3. Higher efficiency
4. Low transportation cost

Transformers are a crucial component of any electrical setup, and correct knowledge guides let the purchase go in the right direction.

1. The attribute of equal transmission and distribution of current makes them a perfect choice for power plants, industrial plants, and conventional electric utility companies.
2. They are installed to control heavy power supply, which is an everyday condition in industrial setups.
3. The basic function of the power transformer is to carry out the role of the step-up/ step-down device in the transmission process.